Black elderberry fruits are small, black and shiny strawberries that grow in dense clusters. They are rich in vitamins, especially vitamin C, and have strong antioxidant properties. They can be toxic in their raw form, so they are only eaten after cooking. They are used to make syrups, jams and liqueurs. They are also used in traditional medicine to treat colds and flu.
The fruits of the red hawthorn are small, red, round and have a sour taste. They contain many antioxidants, including vitamin C and flavonoids. They are used in folk medicine to strengthen the heart and improve circulation. They are often made into teas, syrups and tinctures. They can also be eaten fresh, but in limited quantities.
The fruits of the horse chestnut are large, brown and shiny seeds enclosed in a spiny sheath. They are toxic to eat raw and are not used for food. They are mainly used for medicinal purposes due to the content of the substance escin, which has anti-inflammatory properties. Preparations of horse chestnut are used to treat varicose veins and hemorrhoids. They are also sometimes used in cosmetics.
European crab apple fruits are small, red or yellow, with a sour taste. They are rich in vitamins, especially vitamin C and antioxidants. They are eaten fresh or used to make compotes, marmalades and syrups. They are also sometimes used in cooking to give a sour taste to dishes. They also have antiseptic and antibacterial properties.
The fruits of the blue juniper are small, blue or black strawberries known as “juniper berries”. They have a strong, resinous flavour and aroma. They are used as a culinary spice, especially in the preparation of meat dishes and marinades. In folk medicine they are used to treat respiratory ailments and to stimulate digestion. They are also an essential ingredient for the production of gin.
Rosehip fruits are small, red and oval, known for their high vitamin composition, especially vitamin C. They are used to make teas, syrups, marmalades and jellies. They have strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. They are also used in cosmetics to produce oils and creams. Rosehips are known to strengthen the immune system.
The fruits of blackthorn are small, blue-black and have a sour and tart taste. They are rich in vitamins, especially vitamin C and antioxidants. They are usually eaten after freezing or after fermentation to reduce tartness. They are used to make wines, liqueurs, jams and jellies. In folk medicine they are used to treat gastrointestinal disorders and to stimulate the appetite.