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The bark of the walnut is dark brown, rough and cracked. It contains juglone, tannins and essential oils. It is used in traditional medicine to treat skin diseases and stomach problems. The bark has antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties. It is sometimes used to dye textiles and hair.
The bark of the medical marshmellow is grey or brown, smooth to the touch. It contains mucilaginous substances, pectin and tannins. It is used to treat inflammations of the mucous membranes and skin. It has a soothing and protective effect on the mucous membranes. It is often prepared into teas or extracts to treat coughs and gastritis.
Willow bark is grey or brown, smooth or slightly wrinkled. It contains salicin, tannins and flavonoids. It is used to relieve pain and inflammation. It has antipyretic and analgesic properties, often used as a natural aspirin. It is often prepared into a tea or tincture.